منابع مشابه
Ergodic Theorems
Every one of the important strong limit theorems that we have seen thus far – the strong law of large numbers, the martingale convergence theorem, and the ergodic theorem – has relied in a crucial way on a maximal inequality. This is no accident: it can in fact be shown that a maximal inequality is a necessary condition for an almost everywhere convergence theorem. We will refrain from carrying...
متن کاملResearch Article Nonlinear Mean Ergodic Theorems for Semigroups inHilbert Spaces
Let K be a nonempty subset of a Hilbert space , where K is not necessarily closed and convex. A family Γ= {T(t); t ≥ 0} of mappings T(t) is called a semigroup on K if (S1) T(t) is a mapping from K into itself for t ≥ 0, (S2) T(0)x = x and T(t+ s)x = T(t)T(s)x for x ∈ K and t,s≥ 0, (S3) for each x ∈ K , T(·)x is strongly measurable and bounded on every bounded subinterval of [0,∞). Let Γ be a se...
متن کاملErgodic Theorems in Demography
The ergodic theorems of demography describe the properties of a product of certain nonnegative matrices, in the limit as the number of matrix factors in the product becomes large. This paper reviews these theorems and, where possible, their empirical usefulness. The strong ergodic theorem of demography assumes fixed age-specific birth and death rates. An approach to a stable age structure and t...
متن کاملNoncommutative Maximal Ergodic Theorems
The connection between ergodic theory and the theory of von Neumann algebras goes back to the very beginning of the theory of “rings of operators”. Maximal inequalities in ergodic theory provide an important tool in classical analysis. In this paper we prove the noncommutative analogue of the classical Dunford-Schwartz maximal ergodic theorem, thereby connecting these different aspects of ergod...
متن کاملSubadditive Ergodic Theorems
Above is the famous Fekete’s lemma which demonstrates that the ratio of subadditive sequence (an) to n tends to a limit as n approaches infinity. This lemma is quite crucial in the field of subadditive ergodic theorems because it gives mathematicians some general ideas and guidelines in the non-random setting and leads to analogous discovery in the random setting. Kingman’s Subadditive Ergodic ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society
سال: 1976
ISSN: 0002-9904
DOI: 10.1090/s0002-9904-1976-14233-4